Rotary grinding machine



1516,913 H. CRAMM ROTARY GRINDING MACHINE Nov. 25,1924.

briginal FigedAuz. 15' 191'? s Sheets-Sheet 1 witness p. 1 v JuvenrorfJffm Uramn;

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3 Sheets-Sheet 2 Original Filed Aug. 15 1917 wil ness M Nov. 25, 1924- I1 1,516,913

H. cRAMM ROTARY GRINDING MACHINE Original Filed Aug. 15 1917' 3 sheetssheet 5 wilnesS flnveulor flzrra a ty/rm crosssection.

Patented Nov. 25 1924.

"UNITED. STATES HARRO CRAMM, OF NEUKOLI'N, GERMANY.

Romany GRINDING MACHINE.

Application-filedaugusiz 15, 1917, Serial No. 186,423. Renewed October21, 19 24.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, HARRO GRAMM, a citizen of the German Empire, andresident of Neukolln, Germany, have invented certain new and usefulImprovements in Rotary Grinding Machines, for which patents have beenapplied for and obtained as follows: Germany, filed May 15, 1914, PatentNo. 290,409, issued February 26, 1916; Germany, filed September 22,1916, Design-Patent (Gebrauchsmuster) No. 659,47 8, issued March 3rd,1917; Germany, filed October 20, 1916, Design-Patent (Gebrauchsmuster).No. 695,567, issued January 15, 1919; Switzerland, filed August 14,1916, Patent No. 73,937, issued December 16, 1916; Czecho- Slovakia,filed February 4, 1920, Patent No. 2,162, issued December 15, 1918;Great Britain, filed June 29, 1920, Patent No. 145,599, issued March 17,1921; France, filed July 1, 1920, Patent No. 518,552, issued May 271921; Austria, filed August 11, 1916, Patent No. 7 8,07 8, issuedSeptember 10, 1919, and of which the following 1s a specification.

My invention relates to a rotary machine for comminuting, mixing,kneading and otherwis'etreatin materials, particularly such that aregranu ated or in the form of pieces, as aniline colours, grain,fruit-shells, minerals, resins, salts, etc.

My improved machine comprises a rotary barrel like that of a tube mill.The inside of the barrel is smooth, that is, without openings andwithout ribs or other projecting parts. Where the machine is to be usedfor comminuting purposes, I provide a barrel of polygonal, e. g.,triangular, quadrangular,

Loosely running in said barrel is a stamper (or a plurality of stampers)which extends approximately over the en tire length of the barrel. Thecomminuting or grinding action of this machine is accomplished bycarrying up said stamper to a suitable height and then allowing ittofall over under the action of gravity. It is desirable that the innersurface of the barrel should be smooth, not only in order to simplifythe' construction of the barrel but also to facilitate its cleaning,which latter item is important where various materials aresuccessivelymtreated that must be prevented from getting into contact.

The amount of power required to operate my improved machine iscomparatively small and the material is thoroughly comminuted.

I have found that my machine is particularly suited for the treatment ofchemical substances as its smooth inside can readily be cleaned and maywithout difficulty be pro- 'vided with a lining that is proof againstthe action of acids, alkalies, etc. It may be desirable to heat 'or coolthe contents of the barrel, for instance, Where the machine'is" used fortreating material which becomes heated during the comminuting and mixingoperations or gives off vapours or gases, so that the barrel is liableto become deformed. In order to avoid this, I provide an additionalshell around the shell of said barrel, and

introduce a cooling medium into the chamber formed by the inner andouter shells. Obviously, I may also, where the contents of the barrelshould be heated, employ a heating medium'in said chamber. This is, forinstance, effected if the machine serves for the comminution of musselswhich, during the grinding operation, must be dried or roasted so as toobtain a dry powder which may be used as fodder or manure.

Instead of circulating a heating or cooling medium in a chambersurrounding the barrel, I may also make arrangements for introducing theheating or cooling medium into the barrel so that it acts directly onits contents.

Where it is desirable to remove the vapours or gases which may formduring the process, I provide a-valve or a plurality of valvescommunicating with the interior of the barrel, and means forautomatically actuating said valve or valves.

As material which clogs at a relatively high temperature might adhere tothe inside of the barrel, I preferably provide the stamper or Stamperswith projections, ribs or the like so that it is able to disengage suchadhering matter in the manner of a scraper.

Reference is to be had to the accompanying drawings in which I haveillustrated several embodiments of my. invention.

Fig. 1. is an elevation of one form of my improved machine, Figs. 2 to 5are cross-sections through its barrel illustrating several relativepositions of the barrel and the stamper running in it, Figs. 6 and 7are, respectively an elevation and cross-section of a preferred form ofstamper, Fig. 8 is a crosssection of .ab'arrel having a double shell forheating or cooling, Fig.9 is a cross-section of a machine the barrel ofwhich is heated or cooled by means of a fixed apparatus, and

Fig. is an elevation, partly in section, of a machine in which theheating or cooling agent is introduced into the interior of the barrel.i

Referring now to Fig. 1, it-will be seen that the barrel 3 is rotatablycarried on standards 1, by means of trunnions 7, and

. cated in Fig. 8.

I through fall back into the position shown indotted" which the barrelrotates arrow, the material in the barrel alternate raising motion maybe imparted to it by any suitable means, in the machine illustrated isheart-shaped in cross-section, see Figs; 2 to 5. Runnin loosely in thebarrel is a stamper 4 whic 1 extends approximately over the entirelength of the barrel and is here shown in the form of a cylinder.

Figs. 6 and 7 illustrate a stamper 14 provided with projections orbosses 13 Which enable it-to act like a scraper and to} removetriangular or adhering matter from the inside of the bar-.

rel. If desired, such a stamper mayco-operate with a plain cylindricalone 4, asindi The barrel has a feed opening adapted to be closed by adoor or cover 5. Through this opening, about two thirds of the barrelare filled with the material to be treated. After the cover 5 has beensee Figs. 3. and 1in which the .barrelis at" an angle of 15 or 125,respectively, to its position in Fig. 2. en the stamper has been raisedto such a height that it is wholly or partially free from to material,which will be the'case after the arrel has turned an angle of 180, seeFig. 5, it will lines in Fig. 5, thereby comniinuting the materialbetween it and the barrel. This and dropping of the stamper 4 iscontinuously repeated as the .a comparatively small carried up being atriangle or barrel rotates, causing a very expeditious and efi'ect1vereduction of thematerial with amount of power, as, owmg to thetriangular or heart-shaped cross-section of the barrel, the stamper ising-down, without necessitating an increase in the velocity ofrevolution, -as would be one case in a cylindrical barrel.

e cross-section of the barrel, instead of trated, may; also be such as apulley 2. The barrel" to a considerable height and so f enabled to exertan efir'ective action on fallb 60 heart-shape as illusa quadrangle orany other polygon,.but in each case I prefer to have the entire innersurface of the barrel concave towards the axis of rotation, whichextends within-the barrel. If it is desired to heat or cool the materialin the barrel, I may provide an additional shell 6 around the shell. ofbarrel 3, see Fig. 8, so as to form a chamber in which a heating orcooling medium may circulate- Preferably, such medium is introduced intothe chamber and discharged from it through the trunnions 7 of the barrel3, which are made 1101- low for the purpose, and connected with supplyand discharge pipes 9 and 10, respec--' tively, see'dotted lines andarrows in Fig. 1. In order to facilitate the heat-exchange, I mayprovide the opposing faces of the double shell 3, 6, (that is to say,the faces in contact with the heating or cooling medium) withcorrugations or grooves extending lengthwise of the axis of rotation,-as illustrated in Fig. 8. These corrugations not only increase the areaof the surface in contact with the said heating or cooling medium, butalso intensify the whirling motion of such medium during the rotation ofthe barrel and thus insure a more powerful heating or cooling action.

The barrel may also be heated or cooled by a fixed apparatus-past 'whichit rotates.- Such an arrangement is illustrated in Fig. 9.

The barrel 3, mounted to rotate on standards 1 as before described, ishere, by way of example, shown quadrangular in crosssection. In one sideof this quadrangle is formed a feed-opening adapted to be closedby acover or door 5 which is hinged to the barrel at 5 and adapted to belocked by a bolt or lever 5".

- Below the barrel, and so that the barrel partly projects into it, .I

11 which, at or near its bottom, provided with a plurality of pipes 12WhlCll mav either be spray as it is rotatin If material is comminuted,mixed, ed, etc., which gives off vapours or gases, spring-loaded valves20 are provided which are in communication with the interior of thebarrel, see Fig. 10. Lugs 22 are secured to a rod 22" arranged above thebarrel 3 and supported on the standards 1 by up pipes for cooling thebarrel arrange a casing or gas burners'for heating it.

kneadrights-23. These lugs periodically open the 4 valves by means ofspindles 21, as the barrel rotates, so that the vapours. or gases willperiodically escape and no excessive'pressure can occur in the barrel. Ihave illustrated our valves which are distributed over the arrel in ahelical line, so that vapours, etc. are discharged successively fromseveral parts of the barrel, as the spindles 21 of the valves aresuccessively engaged by the corresponding lugs 22. The area of thevalves and their distribution over the barrel are such that the pressurein the barrel can not exceed a predetermined limit. If the pressure inthe barrel were allowed to rise too high, it might occur that thematerial would be partly ejected through one of the valves on its beingopened. The valves should be so distributed over the barrel, that theexcess pressure escapes successively at several places along the axis ofthe barrel,

periodically escape through the valves 20' while the barrel iscontinuously cooled and a Stamper 4, preferably of the scraper typeillustrated in Figs. 6 and 7, detaches those particles of soap, that mayadhere to the inside of barrel 3.

The machine illustrated in Fig. 10 is so constructed that the heatin orcooling medium is introduced into t e barrel instead of being applied toits outside.

One ofthe trunnions of barrel 3, say trunnion 15, is made hollow and hasa hoodshaped extension 16 in which is arranged a ventilator 17. Theshaft of this ventilator is carried in bearings 18 on a standard 19, andmotion is 'imparted to it by the drivin shaft 24 which is carried inbearings 25 an 26 on standardsv 1 and 27, respectively. Mounted on thisshaft is a gear wheel 28 which meshes with a corresponding gear wheel ontrunnion 15 Motion is imparted to shaft 24 by means of fast-a'nd-loosepulleys 29. A belt 31 passes from further fast-and-loose pulleys'30 onshaft 24 to a pulley 32 on the shaft of ventilator 1.7. In this manner,a heating or cooling'medium is compressed by the ventilator 17 andforced into the barrel 3.

I claim:

1. An apparatus of the class described, comprising a rotary barrel whichin cross section perpendicular to the axis of rotation has smoothsurface rtions alternately approaching and recedmg from, the said axis,which is located within said barrel, said cross section being uniformthroughout the operative length of the barrel, and a crushing rollerlocated 'in said barrel and extendin substantiallv the entire length ofthe barre with the axis of such roller parallel to that of the barrel.

2. An apparatus of the class described, comprising a rotary barrelhaving a chamber provided with means for supplying it with a mediumunder pressure, a series of valves controlling outlet from said chamberand located in a spiral series at different points of the length of thebarrel, and a stationary bar extending lengthwise of the barrelexteriorly thereof to engage and open said galve? successively duringthe rotation of the arre 3. An apparatus of the class described,

comprising a rotary barrel formed at one end with a trunnion held toturn with said barrel, a fan located within said trunnion, and means forrotating said fanrelatively to said trunnion.

In testimony whereof I have signed this specification.

HARRO

